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The Treaty Of Hudaibia:
A year after the Battle of Allies (Trench) i.e. in the sixth year of migration (6 Hijri), the Prophet (Peace Be Upon Him) left for Mecca along with fourteen hundred companions with the intention to perform "Umra" ( the lesser pilgrimage) and the annual pilgrimage. He had with him companions as pilgrims, along with the sacrificial animals so that everybody would know that he was going not for war but for paying homage to the Ka’bah.
When the intending pilgrims reached at Hudaibia near the valley of Mecca the Prophet (Peace Be Upon Him) ordered them to pitch their camps. The Quraish were in a dither when they learnt that the Prophet (Peace Be Upon Him) had pitched his camp so near Mecca. But the Prophet (Peace Be Upon Him) had no intention of fighting therefore he deputed Uthman Ibn Affan to Mecca to tell the Quraish that they had not come for war but merely for performing the "Umra".
The Prophet (Peace Be Upon Him) offered them (Quraish) peace for a specified period if they gave way to Muslims to perform "Umra". The Quraish were already wrecked by the last years war therefore after some negotiations a treaty was signed allowing Muslims to come next year for the pilgrimage.
This treaty facilitated exchange of ideas among the people of the whole region without interference. The Prophet (Peace Be Upon Him) summoned Ali ibn Abu Talib and dictated him the terms and conditions of the treaty, mostly according to the wishes of Quraish. These terms and conditions are,
The agreement is made that the Quraish shall not obstruct the passage of Muslims to the House of God (Ka’bah) and shall allow them to visit Ka’bah next year.
The Muslim and the Quraish assured that both the parties would observe a ten-year truce so that men might live in peace and that no party would lift its hand against the other during the specified period.
If anyone from the Quraish came over to the Prophet (Peace Be Upon Him) without obtaining the permission of his guardian, he would be returned to them, but if anyone of those with the Prophet (Peace Be Upon Him) escaped to the Quraish, they would not be bound to return him.
Anyone, who wished to enter a bond and security with the Prophet (Peace Be Upon Him) would be permitted to do so, likewise, anybody could resort to a similar agreement with the Quraish.
Having concluded the treaty, the Prophet (Peace Be Upon
Him) sacrificed the animals then broke the camp to return to Madina.
The Muslims sat dejected for they were feeling beaten and crushed at not
being able to visit Mecca, but they accepted the seemingly inglorious terms
of the treaty simply because of their faith in the Prophet (Peace
Be Upon Him). Though the terms of treaty were apparently in the
favor of Quraish but the events that followed proved that the truce of Hudaibia was a decisive step in gaining victory after victory for Islam.
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